Kingsolver’s Portrayal of Christianity in The Poisonwood...

Kingsolver’s Portrayal of Christianity in The Poisonwood Bible Kingsolver’s concern with Christianity is evident in the very title of The Poisonwood Bible. She uses ‘books’ to divide the novel into sections, which, with names like Genesis and The Revelation, reflect the books of the Bible. As the novel progresses, the structure deviates from that of its biblical namesakes: there is a shift in order - Exodus is placed centrally - and new books with titles such as The Eyes in the Trees are introduced (Kingsolver’s own appellations). These names present the reader with the idea that Kingsolver is rewriting the central Christian text, adapting it for her own story. Thus religion is heralded as a significant presence in the book, not just†¦show more content†¦Her language sounds homiletic and parroted, which shows us she has been thoroughly indoctrinated. She is passive in the face of her father’s domination - ‘She wouldn’t go against him, of course’ - providing evidence that religion can be used as a tool to wield power. Ruth May, although only five, clearly understands Nathan’s expectations of submission, ‘He doesn’t approve talking back’ – a telling point when we consider how semi-developed her understanding of life can be. She names her toy monkey-sock ‘St Matthew’ – this shows how thoroughly a system of beliefs can penetrate the minds of children, and the fanatical madness it instils in otherwise rational human beings – ‘how fiercely he felt the eye of God upon him.’ Orleanna, who could never have known what her husband would become, claims she was ‘swallowed by Nathan’s body, mission and soul.’ Both use very physical terms – ‘felt’ and ‘swallowed’ – which present religion as something so powerful it is tangible. Through her portrayal of the family, Kingsolver explores how easily Chrisitanity can be abused. Nathan is obsessed with the traditional Judeo-Christian God, who he perceives as wrathful and judgmental: ‘If we suffered†¦it was proof that one of us had committed a failure of virtue.’ The emotive word ‘suffered’ shows the bitterness Christianity can cause, and the absolute word ‘proof’, the single-mindedness it can instil. Nathan has faith, but of the wrong sort – Kingsolver paints his religion as one based on

The Undeniable Reality About Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas That Nobody Is Telling You

The Undeniable Reality About Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas That Nobody Is Telling You If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Inner-city inequality produces a whole lot of issues in all facets of life. Even more surprising, is how some deny that this sort of problem exists. Many educators now think that anything that more precisely meets the requirements of the kid will get the job done far better. There's an emphasis on computers and the Internet in these types of pages, but there's a great deal of general info, too. As an issue of fact, different students in various counties undergo various challenges in the academic practice. So, in order to achieve this task it's important to come up with a generation of young adults who possesses the proper expertise, skills, attitude and values. Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Features If the goal is to close gaps, state equalization may not be the proper tool. For instance, the political culture may change under the effect of profound demographic alterations, which might occur in case of the rapid and considerable increase of the immigrant population. This shift is completely vital. The current structure is built in such a manner that it cannot be modified in ways necessary to make a desirable , adaptive outcome. The future of American education is vital to students and those who need to sustain a college education. Unfortunately, we've slipped behind in the region of education. This view now has rather wide currency, and is utilised to select a lot of the curricula of teachers' colleges. Education reformers aren't motivated by corporate interest and definitely don't want to earn any school fail. Although teachers should discover different methods for finding the information to the students. In addition, school isn't always happening in the classroom. Instead, permit the schools and the teachers determine the ideal methodology to teach the students which are in their care. Using Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Massachusetts and Leander, as well as some other cases Gabor discuses, like the progressive reform movement in New York, have distinctly different cultures. We've got a chance to turn into a leader in educational assessments and an actual competitor to the ACT and SAT, states Wagner. The Reform Act might be viewed as the conclusion of the old purchase. The 30-Second Trick for Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas Other reforms started to sweep the nation. As I said previously, this education reform also require teacher collaboration. A reformer isn't a villain. Educational reform isn't a new phenomenon. Texas is among the states with a distinct political culture with a substantial effect on the worldview of the neighborhood population and policies conducted in the state. Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas - the Conspiracy For instance, the simple fact that computers are naturally very good at math contributes to the question of the usage of calculators in math education. The teaching method has to be teachable! This underrepresentation isn't due to absence of interest on the portion of students. These students will likely be similar with regard to family background, previous educational experiences, and individual characteristics like motivation and so on. The Importance of Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas It may not be someone who will be a Democrat, but we just want a person who is going to do a great job. Ramey's position, nevertheless, is that getting an education is nothing like choosing which cereal to fe ed your son or daughter. The number of individuals choosing freedom for their kids are going to be quite so great that there'll no longer be enough public interest in the traditional schools to carry on funding them. Of course with this kind of a highly diverse population, all individuals aren't likely to agree with one another. So How About Essay Topics on Educational Reform in Texas? Real reform isn't possible from within the present conventional school system. And we'll have the exact same choices that we've now if we're seriously interested in reforming our educational system. But the best that you can say about the stated goals of education reform is that it's going to knock out a small fraction of teachers that are incompetent and whip some other teachers into shape. This resulted in the maturation of self-governing school districts. Private and religious schools would need to be monitored to guarantee quality standards much like public schools. Appointed school boards will supply the stability of governance that's crucial to implementing lasting, far-sighted reforms. These colleges continue to be referred to as land-grant institutions. It's a fairly radical change, Reed explained. Texas is an area of mystery and intrigue. Patrick proposed an extremely similar measure in 2013. The very best score, states Tate, is 118. The difference in scores is that which we wish to understand, the causal effect of additional funding. Whether it is their intent, it's the obvious outcome. There is an excellent deal of evidence to demonstrate this issue. There isn't any doubt that future measures were bound to happen and there may not be any question that their success be would come as a consequence of the very first Act.

Reflections on the Cultural Plunge-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Reflections on the Cultural Plunge. Answer: Rationale: A cultural plunge is the exposure done by someone to dwell in a minor group or being marked as the other (Green, Walters Walters, 2016). It is a life of adapting a different culture, language, tradition, status. I have done this cultural plunge to get the experience and insight the other people have and lead a strange life in a familiar way. The experience of cultural plunge gave me the idea about the reason, which influences my formation, how I became what I am today and how to change the behavioural aspect sob that I do not turn into a negative person. I have learnt belonging to a certain status is never the choice of an individual and nor it is in their hands. It is always the things like rearing up, education, culture and religion, which influences the identity and status of the individual (Hare Landa, Odna-Holm Shi, 2017). I have chosen the cultural plunge because I have already learnt the various kinds of diversity and its effect on early childhood education. I have explored various ways, which is related to cultural diversity and the important reason of experiencing the cultural plunge is to know how general people dominate the other minor groups and how they live their life. The cultural immersion of the cultural plunge created self-awareness in me. I have had a direct interaction with the black people and have chosen this particular group as I wanted to live the life of a black as marked by others who are effectively white by their colour to experience how they feel and experience how others think of the black. I have gained the knowledge of the turfs of the black people and gained insight about all the circumstances that they face and all the characteristics they have as an individual. I chose to experience the cultural plunge to feel how it is to live an unfamiliar life with all unknown people ar ound and fully in a different circumstance. Cultural Diversity is a very difficult and growing system of the world (Geary, 2014). I have learnt that this system will never end and nor will it allow the minds of the individual to be free from all these kinds of thoughts. The critical learning pedagogy has kept me insight accessible so that I can understand everything better and evaluate them accordingly in the end. In this paper, I will discuss my experience as a black person and highlight the implications of the practise. Description of the cultural plunge: I am aware of the fact that the church is the second home of many people. Hence, I felt that in case I truly want to experience the life of a black, I will have to be a part of the church and that is when my journey as a black started. As I am an early childhood educator, my intention was to learn the more about diversity and its affect in early childhood education. The warmth that I got from them and the behaviour they showed up made me the happiest one. I was the alone white among them and still they were so much happy to have me. According to the world that we belong, I had a thought that as the black people are always discriminated among the whites, I will get the same approach from them but to my surprise they turned to be the most welcoming ones. After meeting them even I had the doubt that if any one among them went t our church would I also such amount of warmth towards them. The answer is still unknown. However, the thought that the blacks have the same thought about the whi tes tore me into pieces and I felt ashamed of the fact that I have been taught to hate the blacks. The experience changed my way of thinking and I felt that I have turned into a better person. Standing between them I understood that it is never the fact about which colour we belong, it is always about the values, beliefs that we have in our heart and soul and only that can differentiate a person and not colour or status. The people taught me with their behaviour that thinking about other people is a part of life and they are human being as I am. We have the thought that if a person is black then it is the persons fault and we believe that being black is a kind of big sin (Byrne, 2017). We hate the person for being black and prefer not to have any communication to them and gradually mark them as others. This is completely a wrong concept because it is not their fault that the colour of their skin is black and nor it is their choice. We cannot blame and mark them as unwanted or others just because they do not have bright colour. I interacted with them and they were very happy to tell me their story because they knew that their stories are always kept unknown and when they got the chance to narrate their part they did not want to let the chance go. They narrated me how white people just because of their colour dominates them and how they feel when they receive such kind of behaviour. They told me that their kids cannot get admitted to famous schools as they are black and they are always discriminated in every circumstances because of their colour. They told me of how they are kept aside from the world and how they feel when they are judged for their colour of the skin. Even they believe that the colour of the skin is not their fault. They asked me a question after which I was unable to move. The question was why is the colour of the skin more important than the person?(Christopher et al, 2014) Even I have the same question to ask to every people who believe in cu ltural diversity that how can the value of the skin colour be more than that of a person. Reflective on my plunge: The cultural plunge was a meaningful experience for me and it provided me with a critical thinking and clear insight. This experience gave me the knowledge that irrespective of my status, class, gender and colour I will be accepted as a human. I have also learned the same and will always keep it in mind that I judge a person by their thinking and values not by the colour of their skin. My experience of the cultural plunge was the best one. I have never received such warmth from other people that I got from them. The experience taught me to be a better human being and treat others in a welcoming way. The experience of the cultural plunge taught me that cultural diversity has not killed humanity completely. I had a surprising experience and before experiencing the plunge, I never had any idea about the other peoples struggle for existence, culture and mankind. I never knew what the people feels who are treated as other and are discriminated. Living between them and getting to know thei r culture and thoughts gave me an idea of their consequences in life (Kolb, 2014). I came to know through the plunge that their life is tougher than others are and they still try to find happiness in every sector of their life. The people I was with taught me that it is very important to be a human and not a racist because being a human is what matters the most. This experience injected in me the negativity of cultural diversity. The experience introduced me to the entire problem the other have regarding their life. I am an early childhood educator; I know the importance of education in our life. It was very shocking to know that those people were upset that their children are not able to get a good education as many schools reject them for being black (Clark, 2015). Their pain was visible in their eyes. Those eyes were telling me that they wanted to be treated as humans and not as black. They wanted to be accepted thee way they are, they wanted to be like the way a normal people li ves. The experience taught me about myself that the truth of life is what kind of human being we are and not what colour we have in our skin. We all have blood in our veins and the colour of blood is the same in a white person and a black person. It is our insight how we see and treat people and we are responsible for the diversification of culture (Banks, 2015). I, through the plunge experience have learnt the truth of life, life is a challenging platform and we must have the humanity in us and face all those challenges without taking the back door. I have never had this kind of experience and if I would not have experienced the plunge I would still be in the dark side of life. I took the pledge that I will accept everyone without any discrimination and I will tell others to do the same so that they will be able to look into the matter with the sense of humanity. If I would not be a part of the plunge, I would not have the knowledge of the prejudices and practices, which are engraved in me. The experience the plunge gave me is my lifetime achievement and it will be my asset as an educator and more as a human being. As I am an early childhood educator, I have seen the diversification of culture among the students and hence this plunge is totally a part of the class readings. The learning activities through experiencing plunge that got has mad e me aware of every aspect of life and taught me to believe in humanity. Critical thinking is a continuous journey; it is not one-day learning. It needs time, patience, and mostly the interest to learn (McPeck, 2016). The learning objectives of cultural diversity enhanced my desire to learn more about it and made me aware of the lives of the back people. After reflecting my knowledge, I realized that I was to some extent prejudiced about the black people as I had less idea about them and their life style. Earlier even, I used to treat them as other people and my thoughts about them were not open. Now I know that they are humans just as everyone else and there is no need of discriminating them or marking them as other. The experience changed my views about discrimination and the insight that I achieved helped me y grow personally. Now I believe that every human has the same right to live and cannot be marked with any other name because of the colour of their skin. Discrimination is a nd will be a bad practice even in the future (Ang Van Dyne, 2015). Implications: After all the discussion, I have concluded that as an early childhood teacher I have to reflect the academic knowledge and customs so that the societal justice and the equity are promoted. Experiencing the cultural plunge has made me go through the process of enculturation, which introduced me to new aspects of thinking, understanding and even with the knowledge of being a human. As an early childhood educator, I had to undertake a critical stance that provided me with the perspectives of early childhood education. I have known that early childhood education is consisting of different beliefs and understanding, which shapes the thoughts of an individual. In the above discussion, I have taken into consideration the practise of childhood, which are right and ethical. I have learnt that dominant thinking can affect a particular group or person in a negative way. By critically experiencing, the cultural plunge I have went through many social and political factors, which dominate a group and people, and that is how the plunge occurs. By adapting the life of the other, I have come through many experiences like how the people lead that kind of particular life and how much they suffer by living such a life. I have also learnt the formation of myself and even made me aware of the roles of the agents in the formation. The cultural plunge that I experienced gave me the knowledge about how the dominance of other culture and status of people affects the life of the other group of people. References: Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015).Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Banks, J. A. (2015).Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. Byrne, C. (2017). Weconnect: A global youth citizenship curriculum. Cavanaugh, S., Corbett, L. J. (2014). A successful model for short-term international teacher education programs.The Field Experience Journal,1, 1-11. Christopher, J. C., Wendt, D. C., Marecek, J., Goodman, D. M. (2014). Critical cultural awareness: Contributions to a globalizing psychology.American Psychologist,69(7), 645. Clark, R. M. (2015).Family life and school achievement: Why poor black children succeed or fail. University of Chicago Press. Geary, D. (2014). Taking the plunge into culture shock: Study abroad elements impelling cultural adjustment. Green, M. R., Walters, L. M., Walters, T. (2016). SHAPING A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE.A Reader of Narrative and Critical Lenses on Intercultural Teaching and Learning, 185. Hare Landa, M., Odna-Holm, J., Shi, L. (2017). Education Abroad and Domestic Cultural Immersion: A Comparative Study of Cultural Competence Among Teacher Candidates.The Teacher Educator,52(3), 250-267. Kolb, D. A. (2014).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Pedersen, P. B., Lonner, W. J., Draguns, J. G., Trimble, J. E., Scharron-del Rio, M. R. (Eds.). (2015).Counseling across cultures. Sage. Posti-Ahokas, H., Janhonen-Abruquah, H., Longfor, R. J. (2015). Urban Spaces for Intercultural Encounters: Teacher Students Reflections on the Cultural Plunge.World Studies in Education,16(2), 45-55. Posti-Ahokas, H., Janhonen-Abruquah, H., Longfor, R. J. (2017). GET OUT!.Silent Partners in Multicultural Education, 147. Walters, L. M., Green, M. R., Walters, T. N., Wang, L. (2015). The Examined Life. InTeaching at Work(pp. 211-233). SensePublishers. Young, G., Davis-Russell, E. (2014). The Vicissitudes of Cultural Competence.Diversity, Social Justice, and Inclusive Excellence: Transdisciplinary and Global Perspectives, 33.

Othello Essays (982 words) - Othello, Film, Fiction,

Othello I am not what I am. An essay on Othello, question No 4. I will discuss this quote in relation to Lacan's ideas about language as the symbolic order. My aim is to show how Othello finds his identity threatened by Desdemona's reaction to his tales. In order to explain Lacan's ideas very briefly I will quote from Pam Morris: Literature and Feminism, (Blackwell, 1993) where she discusses the resolution of the Oedipal crisis. For Freud the outcome of the child's fear of castration is its submission to the reality principle and hence its entry into the social order. For Lacan this must coincide with the child's entry into the language system.....Language is thus the Law of the father; a linguistic system within which our social and gender identity is always already structured. (p. 104) Othello's identity in the Venetian society is his role as the Moor. Few people use his real name when talking about him. When speaking the given quote, Othello is telling the Venetians how he won Desdemona's heart by telling her the story of his life, and he now retells it to the Venetians. This tale-telling is a way of employing the linguistic system to reshape for himself a new identity with more positive connotations than the Moor can offer. The Moor is an expression the Venetians connect to other expressions in the linguistic system which all have a negative value. Examples are such expressions as old black ram, a Barbary horse, lascivious, and a devil. The negative overtone of these words will reflect back on Othello. He can't change his origins but he can try to change the connotations of the Moor. He can fill the expression with a new content and thereby give himself an identity he can be more comfortable with. This is what Othello is doing when he is retelling his history. Othello is obviously a good narrator; Desdemona can't get enough of his story. Expressions like seriously incline, with haste and greedy ear show Desdemona's eagerness for his storytelling. And ever..../She'ld come again shows that this has been happening over a period of time without Desdemona growing tired of his tales. The given quote implies that Othello feels he has been too clever for his own benefit. Desdemona's craving for his autobiography is felt as a threat; it may jeopardize his new identity. Othello says that she would: Devour up my discourse. It is in this discourse that his identity exists. If she devours up his discourse, she devours up his identity and leaves him where he started; as the Moor. Desdemona may represent the all-engulfing mother of the pre-Oedipal stage. This is a stage without structure, language or identity, an opposite to the linguistic system, the Law of the father. It is with a greedy ear she devours up my discourse. An ear is sometimes used to symbolize female genitalia and will here emphasize the fact that Othello feels the threat to be feminine. That he, through his discourse, is devoured shows that this feminine threat is all-engulfing. If Othello refuses to accept his old role as the Moor he will either be without an identity or be dragged by his self-fashioned identity back into the pre-Oedipal stage. These options are two sides of the same coin, he will lose himself either way. To give up one's self is the same as suicide. Both death and the pre-Oedipal stage are spheres without language, structure, intention or identity. To give way to the one or the other will have the same result for Othello; he will no longer be a conscious being. To save himself, Othello must get control over this greedy ear. Female sexuality was considered something scary which could best be controlled through marriage. A loose tongue was a sign of loose sexuality. Othello extends this notion to include Desdemona's greedy ear. He marries Desdemona and all is well until Iago implies that Desdemona is unfaithful. Unfaithfulness in a woman will reflect back on her husband. A cuckold is a ridiculous figure in other people's eyes. He must be seriously lacking in person for his wife to run after other men. Othello sees himself in the same situation as before the marriage. Instead of using her ears she is now using her sexuality to destroy the identity he has built up for himself. I

10 Expository Essay Topics on Addictive Foods

10 Expository Essay Topics on Addictive Foods The expository essay is one where you are asked to clarify or explain a subject. When you are asked, therefore, to write an expository essay on addictive foods, you are asked to write in such a way that you afford the reader more clarity or further explanations about addictive food. In this type of writing, your work must be based all on evidence and examples. No matter which aspect of addictive foods you select, your goal is to convey all of your facts in a coherent fashion. When writing about addictive foods, it is important to focus on artificial chemicals used in many foods and drinks, as well as on simple carbohydrates. Understanding the role that these processed chemicals and foods play in foods and drinks can help to shed light for yourself and your readers on what foods are actually addictive and why that is. Understanding the chemical and neurological makeup of the brain is equally beneficial. That being said, below is a list of facts that you can integrate into your expository essay on addictive foods: Addictive foods are often mistake for the concept of â€Å"Food Addiction†. While â€Å"food addiction† is a serious problem, it is one whereby the individual is psychologically addicted to food. The key difference here is that addictive foods are those which trigger the addiction themselves, and are not psychologically founded. What many people fail to understand about their foods is that the world of food is made up of carbohydrates. People try and go â€Å"carb-free† but they misunderstand what this means. There is a difference between simple carbs and complex carbs. By their very nature, simple carbs are simple for your body to digest which is why they can be immediately converted into useful energy which must be burned off. But complex carbs take longer for your body to process, giving you energy over a longer period of time. Foods made of simple carbs are considered the most addictive foods out there because they are easily broken down by the body. When this happens, the food is converted into energy, with the help of the liver which gives your body the useful nutrients, and converts those nutrients into glucose, or blood sugar. This increases the amount of blood sugar in the body immediately. But if this is not burned off, put to use for some form of physical activity, then the body is overwhelmed by how much glucose is there, and the pancreas steps in to convert it into fat immediately and store that fat. When the body continually stores excess sugar/simple carbohydrates, it regularly increases the blood sugar of your body, which releases extra insulin within the body to counter that, and it increases the amount of fat being stored. When this finishes, the immediate rush of insulin, high blood sugar, and energy is all depleted and you are left feeling fatigued not but 30 minutes after eating those foods. This causes the body to become addicted to those foods, because it relies upon them for the energy necessary to get through the day. These simple carbohydrates are found in all fake, processed foods. If it did not naturally exist in the form you are consuming, it is likely a processed carbohydrate and very bad for you. Many processed foods today not only contain a great deal of simple carbohydrates and often a great deal of processed sugars, but they also contain the chemical aspartame which permanently kills off brain cells and leads to serious symptoms within the body. When consuming sugar and aspartame together, it causes near lethal consequences over the long term, and yet it also causes serious addiction. Aspartame is addictive due to the way in which is affects dopamine absorption in the brain. It interferes with the otherwise normal uptake of the neurotransmitter known as dopamine, causing huge hits that the body then regularly craves. When the body cannot get the neurotransmitter it wants, it will crave that same item which provided the hit as before. In other words, if drinking a diet soda resulted in a huge hit of dopamine, and after that your brain’s ability to process dopamine were more limited in other ways, it would send signals that you needed to consume more of the soda which originally brought the â€Å"hit† that the brain is craving so much. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener found in also all â€Å"diet† or â€Å"sugar free† drinks and foods. It increases the risk of cancers, it leads to mental disorders as a result of regular damage to the body and the brain. Aspartame damages the nerve cells in the brain to death, something which causes regular degeneration of brain cells until the point that each of the cells dies. This cannot be reversed which is why it is such a serious concern. Aspartame, found, again, in many foods and drinks as an artificial sweetener, causes headaches, weight gain, and high blood sugar in between all that. Complex carbohydrates are converted into energy over a longer period of time because they take more time to be broken down in your metabolic system. This leaves you with a longer amount of energy, no spike in your blood sugar, and no excess sugar converted immediately into extra fat reserves. Complex carbohydrates are found in whole wheats, fruits and vegetables, and almost everything that is natural in between. In the process of converting food into useful energy, known as the metabolic process, if there is not enough adequate nutrients and minerals being processed by the body, then it will send signals that it needs to consume more. It will tell the rest of the body that it is still hungry, because it is actually craving specific vitamins and minerals which were not gained in the last round of eating or drinking. This often results in people eating or drinking more of the previously insufficient foods or beverages, and still never obtaining what it was they needed. These facts will surely help you to write a very high quality expository essay. However, you also have to have a look at 20 topics on addictive foods and writing prompts on analytical essays. So, use them freely and your paper will be evaluated as one of the best! References: Birch, Leann Lipps, Linda McPhee, and Susan Sullivan. Childrens food intake following drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame: time course effects.Physiology behavior  45.2 (1989): 387-395. Blundell, J. E., and A. J. Hill. Paradoxical effects of an intense sweetener (aspartame) on appetite.  The Lancet  327.8489 (1986): 1092-1093. Jeppesen, Per Bendix, Morten Elsà ¸e, and Christoffer Laustsen. Does excessive consumption of high fructose corn syryp, aspartame or rebaudioside A affect insulin sensitivity and regulatory genes in liver and muscles?.European Association for the study of Diabetes  (2014). Marinovich, Marina, et al. Aspartame, low-calorie sweeteners and disease: regulatory safety and epidemiological issues.  Food and Chemical Toxicology60 (2013): 109-115. Rolls, Barbara J., Sion Kim, and Ingrid C. Fedoroff. Effects of drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame on hunger, thirst and food intake in men.  Physiology behavior  48.1 (1990): 19-26. Soffritti, Morando, et al. The carcinogenic effects of aspartame: The urgent need for regulatory re†evaluation.  American journal of industrial medicine  57.4 (2014): 383-397. Tordoff, Michael G., and Annette M. Alleva. Effect of drinking soda sweetened with aspartame or high-fructose corn syrup on food intake and body weight.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  51.6 (1990): 963-969.

Add a MySQL Column Using the Add Column Command

Add a MySQL Column Using the Add Column Command The command add column  is used to add an additional column to any given MySQL table. To do this, you must specify the column name  and type. Note:  The  add column  command is sometimes referred to as  additional column  or  new column. How to Add a MySQL Column Adding a column to an existing table is done with this syntax: alter table add column [new column name] [type]; Heres an example: alter table icecream add column flavor varchar (20) ; What this example would end up doing is adding the column flavor to the table icecream, just as it says above. It would be in the database varchar  (20) format. Know, however, that the column clause is not required. So, you could instead use add [new column name]..., like this: alter table icecream add flavor varchar (20) ; Adding a Column After an Existing Column Something you may prefer to do is add a column after a specified existing column. So, if youd like to add the column  flavor  after one called  size, you could do something like this: alter table icecream add  column flavor varchar (20) after size; Changing a Column Name on a MySQL Table You can change a columns name with the  alter table  and  change  commands. Read more about that in the How to Change a Column Name in MySQL tutorial.

Epoch of Richelieu - Monarchial Intrigues Essay

Epoch of Richelieu - Monarchial Intrigues - Essay Example Louis XIV, undoubtedly, made a great contribution in strengthening the central authority of French monarchy. However, it was made a cakewalk for him in the light of what his predecessors, especially Richelieu had already accomplished. Still, he deserves to be complimented for his ability in reading quickly the invisible price tag attached to those who could challenge the absolutism that he envisaged and also for the shrewd, though unethical, strategies that he invented to pacify the aristocracy and to eliminate the remnants of feudal power if any. By the use of pensions and privileges as decoys, he created circumstances in which loyalty became an obligation. To weaken the members of the noble elite further, he addicted them to luxury and indulgence at the Palace of Versailles. That also drastically reduced the time they would spend in their own estates. It was ‘Sankin-kotai’ in disguise. It is just that the system of alternate attendance was formalized as ‘Sankin-k otai’ by the Tokugawa Shoguns whereby the feudal lords were required to spend at least half of their time in Edo, the capital of the Shogun empire (Beasly 272). Louis XIV is often praised in history for ‘recognizing talent’ because, during his reign, several high positions were filled with commoners. Though their credentials do not have to be doubted, it needs to be observed that he had a distinct advantage in having them there: they were easy to get rid of. A clear parallel between him and the Shogunate becomes apparent here if we recall how Ieyasu allowed outsiders to assume the position of vassals. Just as Louis XIV exercised control over the nobles by making them have to remain under his scrutiny, Ieyasu’s successors Hidetada and Iemitsu vigorously pursued the land reallocation strategy by which they could impose order on Japan’s feudal lords (Beasly 130). The system was justified on the basis that it would ensure ‘good governance’ while the actual rationale was the exercise of control.

BRITISH STUDIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BRITISH STUDIES - Essay Example There are many benefits to being a part of this great institution, and a revamping of the marriage law could be an asset in the improvement of our culture, economy and health. Whereas it can be argued that many aspects of society are required to evolve and grow with the times, the rate and extent to which marriage is able to do this is of the utmost importance as it is one of the most basic traditions and helps to establish one of the most fundamental aspects of modern society. As a function of seeking to understanding and define this institution in the light of the current era, with regards to how much or how little the institution of marriage has been able to evolve with the times, it will be the hope of this author that such an analysis will be capable of presenting a functioning and well argued piece of research into this topic so that the reader might come to a more informed understanding of societal evolution and growth with regards to this most fundamental of traditional socie tal demarcations. As with many traditions and cultural understandings, there can be no denying that the culture of marriage has changed. The cozy imagery of the perfect marriage, as exhibited by the now-comical television shows of the early 1960s and late 1950s have long since faded from memory (Dommaraju, 2009). Fairy tales with stories of love- ever- after were, and to a large part still are, what children are raised on. Within the not so distant past, little girls dreamed of the knight in shining armor, or being brought back to life by a simple kiss from a Prince. When the movie, â€Å"Love Story†, first appeared society was still extremely absorbed in a marriage culture that encouraged and supported getting and staying married until the end of one’s days (Fortunato & Archetti, 2010). Within a few years, the womens movement, the pill, the

Organizational Planning Verizon Wireless Essay Example for Free

Organizational Planning Verizon Wireless Essay Organizational Planning: SWOT Analysis for Verizon Wireless Before planning can begin, a framework should be built to guide the decision making process by identifying what the overall goal is to be. At Verizon Wireless, the mission statement, or credo, is broken into 5 sections that are the pathway for leadership within the company, as well as for internal stakeholders, to ensure the success of the company. Verizon Wireless identifies strengths as being a high quality provider of communications services, being committed to customers through teamwork, and acknowledging that just being the biggest is not the same as being the best. By identifying weaknesses such as being reactive to competitor offerings, pricing structure of plans, and the perceived lack of a global presence, reviewing the credo can initiate change to address these weaknesses and create opportunities from them. Identifying the opportunities of network infrastructure growth, simplification of pricing plans for both businesses and consumers, and providing varied equipment pricing options allow the company to address some of the weaknesses. Threats are identified as competition from other providers, market penetration for services, and proposed regulations from the F.C.C. with regard to net neutrality. As a whole, these identified areas provide the roadmap to achieve success for both the internal and external stakeholders. When setting a long term goal, or strategic plan, the credo is consulted to ensure that the areas identified in the SWOT are being addressed. With a strategic plan in place, Verizon Wireless can set long term goals on how they plan to broaden their strengths, lessen their weaknesses, capitalize on their opportunities and minimize the threats. One of these strategic plans in place is to grow market share by gaining additional customers. Long term growth of customers is fundamental to the longevity of the company. Without new customers the company becomes stale and profits may fall. Both the internal and external stakeholders would be unhappy if Verizon Wireless did not provide a value to them either  monetarily or through the service itself. Review and confirmation of programs being offered to customers is constantly being revised as changes within the marketplace dictate. This long term strategic planning will be fluid as the needs of the customer change. An operational plan has a shorter time line to achieve the goal. The target of initiating new growth through new products and service can be accomplished through the Verizon Wireless Partner Program. The adoption of new technology and integration of devices ensure Verizon Wireless to achieves this goal going forward by partnering with companies to provide equipment and services. According to Partnerships Verizon (n.d.), Verizon’s award-winning Partner Program focuses on better serving the needs of customers by enabling them to simplify how they consume communications and IT services in a way that best meets their needs, while giving them access to the full Verizon portfolio. Whether teaming with Verizon directly, indirectly through program members, or as a hybrid, customers can take advantage of Verizon’s next-generation services portfolio.† (2). These types of partnerships build from the commitment that Verizon Wireless has stated, â€Å"We hold ourselves to a very high standard of performance. We prize innovative ideas and the teamwork it takes to make them happen. We never stop asking ourselves how we can make the customer experience better, and every day we find new answers.† (Commitment Values, n.d.) In this operational plan, the internal stakeholder is satisfied because the company is initiating new growth, and the external stakeholder is satisfied because the new products and services are providing additional revenue. With both strategic and operational plans in place, Verizon Wireless is poised to achieve success in both the near term as well as far into the future. Reference Verizon Wireless. (n.d.). Commitment Values. Retrieved 2/28/15 from http://verizonwireless.com/about/commitment-values Verizon Wireless. (n.d.). Partnerships Verizon. Retrieved 2/28/15, from http://www.verizon.com/about/our-company/partnerships/ (2)

Reasons to support thesis Essay -- essays papers

Reasons to support thesis First of all, we will consider the very word motivation. Motivation can be defined as an incentive. When we discuss students having the motivation to learn, we may consider them having the incentive to learn. Do students today have the incentive to learn? Many people claim that they do not and that the lack of motivation is increasingly becoming worse and worse in today’s society. The belief that society has unknowingly created for today’s students is that there is a separation between education that is taught in schools and that which is learned outside of schools. Children view these things as two different worlds. There is the school world, and the real world. Many children tend to believe that the things they learn in the school world will not affect them in the real world and are therefore have no motivation to learn in school. â€Å"When kids are not engaged, not only do they fail to learn, they also tend to become bored and restless† (Wolk, R.). This boredom and restlessness has serious potential for many kids to lead to a lack of motivation. Obviously, it is very important for a student to remain focused in order to maintain motivation; yet, not all of the responsibility relies on the child. Teachers have a huge responsibility in making sure that every student in their class is working to their individual potential and that each child is engaged in the material and is benefiting from this learning experience. Educators sometimes find it difficult to develop such a strong teacher-student relationship with each child but studies have shown that the more the teacher is involved, the more motivated students will become. There are many different elements involved in making a child feel a... ... from Academic Search Premier. Johnson, Ronnie, Lamb, Dean. (1994). Motivating students to learn. Vocational Education Journal. Vol. 69. Issue 2. Morganett, Lee. (1991). Good teacher-student relationships: A key element in classroom motivation and management. EBSCOhost Education. Vol. 112. Issue 2. pg. 265. 5p. Retrieved on 4/22/04 from Academic Search Premier. Schroeder, K. (1992). Motivating students. Education Digest. Vol. 58. Issue 3. Atherely, M. (1992). Motivating students to learn. PageWise, Inc. Retrieved on 4/24/04 from http://de.essortment.com/motivatingstude_rbsm.htm Gershaw, D. (1989). A line on life: Motivating students to learn. Teaching of Psychology. Pg. 86-88. Davis. B. (1993). Motivating students. Tools for Teaching. Josey-Bass Publishers. Retrieved on 4/22/04 from http://teaching.berkeley.edu/bgd/motivate.html

The Role of Performance Measurement in Business Process Re-Engineering

The purpose of this business study is to test the performance measurement system (PMS) and its interaction with development implementing standard deviation (SD). PMS is the essential of business process engineering (BPR) that is a significant theory in analyzing the interaction between the correlation of PMS, empowerment, integration, and strategic alignment. The object is to understand the unities between companies that undergo strategic modification to progress effectiveness and thrive efficiently.The testing of the hypothesis consists of two companies from the Bahrain Economy a major sector in manufacturing and finance as well as other companies within the sector. â€Å"The total of returned responds were 301 from 19 manufacturing and 30 financial companies. The companies deviate in age, number of employees, profits, range of products, or services. The individual respondents range from managerial position, experience, and length of employment† (Kuwaiti & Kay, 2013, para. 7, p. 4). The BPR emphasize on restructuring and reevaluating a business.The research questions:How is the performance of PMS a criterion to the principles of change? How is the performance of empowerment, integration, and strategic alignment correlation tested in determining the effective in change? The hypothesis of the study:H1: The significant and correlation PMS is as a criterion for the effective formation and operation of BPR and the PMS can act as a resource to change in empowerment, integration, and strategic alignment.The hypothesis testing included congruence PMS is the responding variable,  and the four explanatory variables. The statistical formula used to determine the score range is the standard deviation (SD).For example, â€Å"for empowerment the results range from a maximum of 40 (highly empowered) to a minimum of 10 (least empowered) the mean is 29.8 with a SD of 5.75 and a maximum possible score is (14*5) 70† (Kuwaiti & Kay, 2013, para. 5, p. 6). The PMS i nteraction with two of the explanatory variables is weak when measuring the range. Therefore, the hypothesis supports the relationship with strategic alignment and a modest support for empowerment.The main findings of the study:A well-defined PMS process will improve the changes within a business because PMS emphasis on premeditated purposes before initiating on different levels of business development.

My school Essay

I,________,have been a part of the _________School District my entire life. For me school has been a mixture of emotions. Some years I loved school and learning and other years I hated school and felt as if I would never amount to anything. The movie Stand and Deliver made me wonder how much better of a student I could have been if all my teachers cared as much as Mr. Escalante. In elementary school I had mixed emotions. I loved school up until about 3rd grade but then I started to hate school. It became harder for me to get good grades and I  felt dumb. Many of my teachers also had my sister, who was an A+ student so they would always make statement about how I should follow in her footsteps and such. But I was never as smart as her or good at school like she was. Once I was in the 3rd grade I began to struggle with all subjects except reading, once this struggle began I started to care less about school and grades. Middle school is where things began to turn around for me. In the 6th grade I had Mr. Pollock as one of my teachers. He was the most caring teacher I have ever had,  he showed me I could do anything I put my mind too and he pushed me to succeed the way Mr. Escalante pushed his students. In the movie Mr. Escalante says â€Å"Students will rise to the level of expectations† and this is exactly what my teacher did to me, he set the expectations high and then pushed me to exceed them. High school was another good experience. I always was a â€Å"teacher’s pet† and got good grades without really trying. I never studied while in high school and was very involved in extracurricular activities. This was good for me then but has caused me problems now. Now that I am in college and have to study and really work hard I don’t do as good as I would like. In my opinion my past schooling has set me up to fail in college. Even though I was taught the things I needed to be taught. I didn’t learn to push myself. I got by either just barely or passing with flying colors†¦ I, Thanh Nguyen, I have been grown up in Vietnam, so I went to elementary, middle, high school there. And the education is a lots harder here in States. For me school has been a mixture of emotions. Some years I loved school and learning and other years I hated school and felt as if I would never amount to anything. In elementary school I had mixed emotions. I loved school up until about 5rd grade but then I started to hate school In my opinion my past schooling has set me up to fail in college. Even though I was taught the things I needed to be taught. I didn’t learn to push myself. I got by either just barely or passing with flying colors†¦

How to be weird essays

How to be weird essays The film: To Kill a Mockingbird was based on the book by Harper Lee. The director of the film is Robert Mulligan. The movie takes place during the 1930s in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama. Just like in the book, it is about a widowed father of two who is a lawyer. He is supposed to defend an African American man accused of raping and beating a young white woman. Atticus is faced with ha hard decision. He knows Tom (the accused) is innocent. However, Maycomb is stuck in its ways and he does not want to harm his family by trying to change it. In the end, Atticus does the right thing by defending Tom. However, the whole town is affected. Gregory Peck plays Atticus Finch, a slightly old, but wise man. In the film, Atticus (Gregory) is lawyer during the great depression. He has two children. He is a widowed single father. Atticus is portrayed in the book as a man who is the same way at home as in public. Gregory does a good job of acting out his role as Atticus. Mulligan does a swell job at portraying Atticus. After all Atticus is supposed to be a fare and strong yet humble person. This felt in the film exactly as it was in the novel. Atticus has two children, Jem and Scout. Jem is a ten-year-old boy. The actor who lays him is Philip Alford. Jem is at the age where he is starting to mature. He is interested in his fathers business. Some may call him noisy. In the book, he would ask his father a lot of questions about Boo Radley (the neighbor) and Tom Robinsons case. Jem is a curious boy. He likes to investigate and try to protect his younger sister, Scout. In the novel, he gets upset because Atticus is older that the other fathers. He (as well a Scout) does not believe their father has any cool qualities. Later, he realizes that his father does have cool qualities, just not the ones he would have thought was cool. Jem grows a lot during the period of the book. He goes from a silly young boy who just cares about ...

Requisitos de la carta de solicitud de asilo en EE.UU.

Requisitos de la carta de solicitud de asilo en EE.UU. La carta de declaracià ³n personal del solicitante de asilo afirmativo ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) o del asilo defensivo en corte es una parte fundamental de la solicitud, ya que contribuye a demostrar que merece que se le reconozca en Estados Unidos la condicià ³n de asilado. En este artà ­culo se explica en quà © momento debe enviarse dicha carta y quà © elementos debe contener en su redaccià ³n.  ¿Cundo debe enviarse la carta de  declaracià ³n personal en la peticià ³n de asilo? Esta carta forma parte del paquete con el que se solicita al USCIS o a la corte que reconozca una situacià ³n de asilo. En otras palabras, es uno de los documentos que se envà ­an junto con la planilla I-589 y que inicia el proceso. Dicha planilla debe acompaà ±arse por una serie de documentos de apoyo, entre ellos, la  declaracià ³n personal del solicitante de asilo en forma de carta. Requisitos de la carta de declaracià ³n personal para solicitar  asilo en EE.UU. Esta carta se escribe habitualmente en una o varias pginas, las cuales se adjuntan a la planilla I-589  porque el espacio en esta no suele ser suficiente. Es fundamental que la carta resulte creà ­ble al oficial del USCIS o al juez de corte migratoria y para ello es necesario que la declaracià ³n que contiene sea consistente con todo lo que previamente se ha dicho o posteriormente se alegue. No debe haber discrepancias grandes, porque darà ­a pie a pensar que se est mintiendo y, por lo tanto, se negarà ­a la peticià ³n de asilo. Entre otros elementos, la carta de declaracià ³n debe contener una explicacià ³n de por quà © el solicitante de asilo ha dejado su paà ­s y por quà © tiene miedo de regresar.   Adems, debe incluir la redaccià ³n de incidentes sufridos por razà ³n de religià ³n, raza, nacionalidad, opinià ³n polà ­tica o pertenencia a un grupo social,  incluyendo todos los detalles que se recuerden. No es necesario especificar fechas exactas, pero sà ­, al menos, una cronologà ­a aproximada. Tambià ©n debe incluirse una descripcià ³n de situaciones de persecucià ³n sufridas por el mismo motivo por familiares o amigos. Finalmente, si el solicitante de asilo sospecha que su peticià ³n puede ser negada porque el gobierno puede creer que le aplica alguna de las prohibiciones legales para obtener dicho beneficio, deber incluir en esta carta una explicacià ³n de las razones por las que dicha prohibicià ³n no le aplica. Por ejemplo, es relativamente comà ºn que el gobierno niegue el asilo alegando que el solicitante se ha establecido previamente de manera fija en un tercer paà ­s. Si eso no es asà ­, deber aclararse este punto. Documentacià ³n de apoyo Una vez que se tiene la carta escrita debe buscarse otra documentacià ³n que sirva para corroborar razonablemente las condiciones que se describen sobre el paà ­s del que se huye y los hechos especà ­ficos que se alegan que le  han sucedido a la persona que pide el asilo.   Para ello pueden utilizarse recortes de perià ³dicos, declaraciones juradas de expertos y testigos, rà ©cords mà ©dicos o psicolà ³gicos, fotografà ­as que demuestren golpes, diarios personales, documentos oficiales como rà ©cords de detenciones, cualquier documento  con amenazas, carnets de pertenencia a un determinado partido polà ­tico,  declaraciones personales del solicitante de asilo en forma de carta, etc. En realidad, se puede presentar cualquier prueba que sirva para demostrar lo que se afirma en la carta de declaracià ³n personal, pero siempre tiene que ser pertinente y relevante.   Tener en cuenta que el gobierno de Estados Unidos es muy consciente de que determinados documentos del paà ­s de origen del solicitante de asilo no es posible obtenerlos. En estos casos es suficiente explicar que se ha intentado pero no ha sido posible. Lo que nunca debe hacerse es presentar documentacià ³n falsa. Idioma de la carta de declaracià ³n y documentos adicionales El solicitante de asilo puede escribir la carta de declaracià ³n en el idioma en que mejor pueda explicarse. La carta y todos los documentos que se adjunta en apoyo de la misma deben estar traducidos al inglà ©s, si es que estn redactados en otro idioma.   Para ello, no es necesario pagar los servicios de un traductor jurado, siendo suficiente que traduzca toda la documentacià ³n una persona con conocimientos fluidos de espaà ±ol e inglà ©s y que certifique la traduccià ³n adecuadamente. Adems, es recomendable no adjuntar ningà ºn documento oficial, como por ejemplo un carnet de identificacià ³n, una carta emitida por otro gobierno, etc. y sà ­ enviar en su lugar una copia legible del mismo. El dà ­a de la entrevista con el oficial del USCIS o de presentacià ³n en Corte migratoria se deben llevar esos documentos originales para que se puedan cotejar con las copias que previamente se enviaron. Si se envà ­an los originales lo que probablemente suceda es que nunca podrn recuperarse, de ahà ­ que se envà ­an solo fotocopias. La importancia vital de contar con un abogado migratorio para casos de asilo En los à ºltimos aà ±os ha habido un fuerte incremento de peticiones de asilo en Estados Unidos por parte de ciudadanos de Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mà ©xico y Venezuela, pero  la mayorà ­a de dichas peticiones son negadas, particularmente las que se intentan defender sin abogado. Por ejemplo, en el caso de asilo afirmativo, solo un 1,5% de los casos de mujeres y nià ±os centroamericanos que se presentan sin abogado a la entrevista de miedo creà ­ble logran aprobarla. Por otro lado, los abogados migratorios estn teniendo à ©xito presentando los casos en cortes receptivas. Por ejemplo, mientras que en Georgia se niegan un 90% de los casos, en Nueva York se aprueban el 75%.   Asimismo, los letrados estn siendo exitosos a la hora de convencer a un buen nà ºmero de jueces de que las amenazas y los daà ±os perpetrados contra mujeres y nià ±os por pandilleros encajan en los casos de persecucià ³n por pertenecer a un grupo social y, por lo tanto, ameritan la consideracià ³n de asilo. La presencia de un abogado en un caso de asilo es altamente recomendable desde el comienzo, contando con su asesoramiento en la redaccià ³n de la carta de declaracià ³n de peticià ³n de asilo ya que esta determina la razà ³n por la que se hace la solicitud y posteriormente no se puede cambiar su esencia ni contradecir su esencia. Si no se puede pagar a un abogado, se recomienda contactar con alguna organizacià ³n de apoyo legal a inmigrantes con buena reputacià ³n en la defensa de este tipo de casos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Promoting Appropriate Behavior and Respect for Others within the Essay

Promoting Appropriate Behavior and Respect for Others within the Classroom - Essay Example It is clear from the discussion that classrooms are becoming exceedingly diverse these days mainly because of the influx of immigrants and also because of transiency. Under such circumstances creating a classroom, the community is one of the earliest responsibilities of a teacher. However, to create respect for diversities and build positive identities, the teacher should set some ground rules from the very first day such as treating classmates with respect, respecting their personal belongings, listening to the views of others and responding after sentence(s) are finished.   This paper illustrates that the teacher can follow the positive reinforcement outlined by Skinner’s Behaviorist Theory. According to Skinner â€Å"behavior is a function of its consequences and the learner will repeat the desired behavior if a positive reinforcement (a pleasant consequence) follows the behavior†. Behavior which is reinforced is strengthened; keeping this in mind the teacher can i ntroduce a behavior chart in which the student who behaves the best and is most polite and helpful will get a â€Å"shining star† or a â€Å"smiley face† against his/her name. The students should also be warned of dire consequences if they exhibit inappropriate behavior towards their classmates or bully them. Similarly, the teacher must herself use positive phrases when giving feedback and during error correcting. In order to instill respect for others, the teacher must ask the students to provide feedback for the others without mocking, ridiculing or passing personal remarks. The teacher must ensure that her students understand why it is important to respect each other.  

THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Therefore, not all lessons in management development are products of theories alone. It can be said that management development theories give a framework of analysis and understanding in modeling the learning process in real world experience. It is imperative for business organizations to give emphasis to management development. In fact, it â€Å"should be central to business strategy† and â€Å"learning should be a cherished organizational value† (Thomson et al., 2011). This paper aims to provide a brief discussion on the basic theories involved in management development. To do so, every theory would be provided ample space for articulation and are divided into sections of this essay. Steps in Management Development Mumford points out that management development, generally, cannot be planned or intentionally initiated. What can be done, however, is that the experiences of managers which may be accidental, unintentional, and informal should be assessed and considered as a learning experience afterwards (Mumford & Gold, 2004). However, there is an opposing view on this matter. Ashton defines management development as a conscious and systematic decision making process to control the development of managerial resources and achieve organizational goals and strategies (Dalton, 2010). Ashton’s model defines three patterns that an organization can take up in management development. The first pattern is where there is little or no commitment to management development from line managers. The second is where the line managers are uncertain about the merits of development and participate with low commitment and the third is where the line managers embrace the development concept and integrate it with normal activities. The model emphasizes on the contextual elements such as the goodwill and motivation of key stakeholders in determining the nature of management development. It is apparent that Ashton takes into consideration the three possible attitude s of managers towards the aspect of continuous build-up of leadership skills. The Ashridge 4F Model The model holds out the prospect of steady movement to higher levels of management development sophistication, strategic integration and purpose. This model has four stages which include the fragmented approach, the formalized approach, the focused approach and the fully integrated model (Select Knowledge, 2001). At a glance, this theory may be considered as the combination of the Mumford’s thesis and the Ashton management development model. This is because the 4F model actually integrates the essential assertion of Mumford that learning in management is not always formal or planned. However, it also takes a proactive approach, overcoming the empiricist tendency of Mumford’s argument. The fragmented approach is where management development is unplanned thus little connection between the development of organizational goals and the management development. The formalized ap proach is systematic, planned and integrated with other human resources management functions. This approach is a formal analysis and practice which may be a demerit to the organization. The focused approach is based on continuous learning and there are clear links between organizational goals and development plans, while the fully integrated model is where all kinds of management learning is integrated in everyday works of the organization and reflects on lessons of development tied to

Illegal Immigration and US Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Illegal Immigration and US Policy - Essay Example Illegal immigration is one of these issues. Illegal immigration is a multifaceted problem for the United States, and therefore politicians are unwilling to develop a solution, at least not yet. It seems that our representatives in Washington are more concerned how their actions will affect their political base, and thus their ability to remain power rather than making honest evaluations of the impact 11 million illegal immigrants are having on the American economic engine. After all, if the politician isn't able to engender support and win voters by his or her policy decisions, why make a decision at all Why not pass the problem onto the next senator or congressman, and make them deal with the political hot button rather than risk taking a dive in the next popularity pole. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, the current estimate on the number of illegal workers in America is over 12 million, with 400,000 arriving each year. 1 This number breaks down to 1100 illegal immigrants per day entering this country. For the Democratic Party, who typically builds large social support programs in order to influence voter support, this group represents an up and coming power base. For the Republicans who lean toward supporting business efforts in order to stoke the fires of our economic engine, this group represents huge amounts of inexpensive labor. However, for the people of our nation, these groups if immigrants represent the following problems rather than a potential voter block. For the labor unions, inexpensive labor represents a virtual coup which will undermine for their stranglehold on American labor force. For the American social services sector, these illegal immigrants represent a drain on the limited economic resources allocate to serve the poor and the needy of our country. For the educational system, the influx of non-English speaking students has created a significant strain on educational progress, and educational quality at a time during which the educational system is already lagging behind world standards. Affecting union and organized labor, education, medical and social services, and finally legal systems - this growing people group represents a threat to the very establishments which make our nation great, and set up apart from countries like Mexico, from which the majority of illegal are escaping. Illegal Immigration and Labor At the heart of the argument is the claim that illegal immigrants are only here to do work that Americans will no longer do. They work the fields, landscape, and take low wage jobs which Americans refuse to do. Vicente Fox, the Mexican president, has recently said that "Mexicans do jobs that even blacks won't do." 2 While this idea is distasteful to hear, the general concept is unfortunately accepted by many politicians. Therefore, according to those who support illegal immigration, they are a necessary part of the American economic landscape. To some level this claim is accurate. Our nation has always had a class of peoples which worked below the economic parity, and produced much for little pay. When our nation was settled, African slaves were imported in the South. Their work fueled the textile industry, and made it possible for America to move to the forefront in this industry. During the 1800's, and the nation's westward expansion, the Chinese immigrants,

Landscape Character Assessment for Heritage Management

Landscape Character Assessment for Heritage Management In 200 words or less describe why landscape characterisation has over the past decade provided a significant new dimension to heritage management practice Landscape Characterisation has been described by English Heritage as ‘a powerful tool that provides a framework for broadening our understanding of the whole landscape and contributes to decisions affecting tomorrows landscape.’[1] Landscape characterisation enables archaeologists, landscape specialists, and conservationists to work together to manage change within landscapes, using a common source that compiles often disparate research into the character of landscapes into a unified and accessible ‘map’ of the area. For heritage management this development is particularly useful because it allows for a more comprehensive study of the area under management – such as the identifying, mapping and assessing of habitats. This allows for more careful consideration of development planning especially in semi-rural areas where land is sought for residential use. To better understand the character of a landscape is to learn how to best protect it and this of fers the potential for a better ‘case’ for preserving important and/ or historic features of landscapes. The process is unique as it helps to facilitate the compilation of data from a great variety of specific historical, archaeological, and paleontological sites onto internationally accessible databases – this information is then used to help professionals manage change within landscapes on a national scale. This information can be put to good use in heritage management, particularly in terms of resources for education and visitor information. Landscape characterisation also helps the cohesion and implementation of management action plans and facilitates the strategic conservation of heritage. It does this by providing a historical context for already existing descriptions and research on landscapes, thus developing the understanding of how to manage landscapes especially on a local and regional level. Issues that interact through the process of landscape chara cterisation include local development and its control, environmental issues, and government proposals. Its use has also widened the scope for heritage management practice as it provides valuable data for existing heritage programmes and assists in future proposals involving historic field systems. Using at least three examples describe the benefits and uses of characterisation for managing landscape change. Your examples can be either urban (eg. from the EUS and UAD programmes), rural (eg. HLC) or thematic, or a combination. Historic Landscape Characterization was first developed in Cornwall in 1994 and now runs as a well-established and major programme that has redefined work with spatial historic analyses (Clark et al, 2004). It has altered perceptions of how the historic environment should be managed and encourages professionals to take into consideration the greater historical timeframe of the landscape where development has been slow, rather than more recent changes which have tended to be more rapid and unsustainable. The approach does not attempt to set precedents – rather it aims to open up discussion of land-use and make accessible information that could influence contemporary decisions. The rural impact of landscape characterization work has much to do with methods of maintaining, conserving, and managing heritage – both geological, archaeological, and architectural heritage. As expressed by Clark et al in their publication for English Heritage: â€Å"The drawing of ‘red lines’ around parts of the historic landscape was seen to risk devaluing the areas outside of the line; most importantly, it was not clear what would  be achieved other than a flagging up of interest, an objective that can be reached more directly and clearly by other methods.†[2] In both Hampshire and Lancashire the programme is reshaping the approach towards heritage management by producing interactive GIS-based descriptions of the ‘historic dimension the time-depth that characterises [the] rural landscape.’[3] It benefits from being approved by and working in accordance with the European Landscape Convention; this shows that the approach is not only applicable to projects outside the UK but has been welcomed by foreign professionals and its value recognised. As much as the UK, Europe is experiencing the squeeze of development, especially in its rural areas, and HLC is useful as it specifically focuses on how to protect and manage these changing rural landscapes. It distinguishes itself from other methods as it has been identified as being more direct and clear than other methods.[4] Perhaps one of the greatest potential selling points of the programme is that it addresses a loophole in the system, whereby common rural land can become overlook ed – falling in a ‘gap’ between the safety of having visible buildings of obvious archaeological importance and being of special scientific importance or exceptional natural beauty. In many cases the historical importance gets overlooked. English Heritage prides itself on the useful amalgamation of ‘Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC), run in partnership with County Council Sites and Monuments Records.’[5] Landscape characterisation is developing into one of the most useful and valuable resources in a society that promotes development and change, and which does so in response to the increasing demands being placed upon Britain’s landscape by the country’s economy and burgeoning population. As noted by Ucko and Layton[6] landscape character research is primarily driven by research objectives that require more in depth and comprehensive information about the landscape. For example, English Heritage need conservation-oriented information, while the planning system needs guidance, and land management decisions can rely upon the mapping of information to create landscapes of the future. A good example of how HLC is being used in the rural landscape can be seen in Suffolk, where a local Heritage Initiative has been overseeing a survey of the landscape that incorporates landscape mapping and photography. The objective of the initiative is to follow up a similar survey that was c onducted in 1999, and involves a partnership between the Womens Institute federations of East and West Suffolk, the local planning authorities in Suffolk and the Suffolk Coasts and Heaths Project Partnership.[7] This is a good example of what the process of landscape characterisation can bring to a community; it can promote the integration of otherwise separate governing bodies and social groups, and thus facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the area. Different local Women’s Institute groups throughout Suffolk (about 75% of the total) surveyed the landscape and received training through events, a handbook, a leaflet and a video. The results of the study have been used to identify, rate, and type sources changes in the landscape between 1999 and 2004. The results were said to be assessed and analysed to ‘test the effectiveness of planning policies in protecting and enhancing landscape character.’[8] To aid community cohesion and promote the findings a n exhibition of the WI groups’ findings was created, as well as local exhibitions within each community that took part. At Creswell Crags near the Peak District a Management Action Plan has made use of landscape characterisation work within an ecological potentiality study that: Identifies, maps and assesses the management of existing areas of high quality habitat characteristic of the Heritage Area Identifies, maps and assesses the potential for linking and extending these areas of high quality habitat Identifies landscape characterisation work and its relationship to identification of potential for wildlife corridor links or extensions to major biodiversity nodes.[9] Again, this example shows the potential for working on an interdisciplinary basis where landscape character can help professionals from different academic backgrounds to work together in better understanding of the forces which shape and change our historic landscapes. English Heritage has also been researching extensively into historic fields and settlements in their project titled ‘Turning the Plough’ that culminated in a publication documenting the dramatic loss of mediaeval fields systems in the east Midlands. Using landscape character research the project results established that ‘the loss of these ridge and furrow landscapes is extreme’[10] and that English Heritage, DEFRA and other agencies have the ’urgent’ task of sustaining a future for what remains. These examples qualify the study of landscape character as a crucial development in the archaeology profession but also one that links archaeology to a number of other important areas, s uch as planning, community work, heritage management, and geology. It is important to recognise that landscape change occurs as a result of many different influences that the activities of mankind within the landscape reflect, embody, and destroy formations which owe their existence to much older geological processes. It is our choice whether we choose to preserve the record of human endeavour as shown by the mediaeval field system project ‘Turning the Plough’ and the extent to which we maintain and preserve the heritage of rural landscapes depends on the availability of funds, resources, and the efforts of professionals. Perhaps of more apparent concern is whether we do actually have a choice, or whether landscape change is accelerating beyond our control. These are some of the issues that projects involving landscape characterisation seek to address. Bibliography Clark, J, Darlington, J, and Fairclough, G, ‘Using Historic Land Characterization.’ (2002), English Heritage [online]. Available from:  http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/a4report.pdf Countryside Agency, 2006 [online]. Available from:  http://www.lhi.org.uk/projects_directory/projects_by_region/east_of_england/suffolk/suffolk_changing_landscape/index.html  [Accessed 24/08/08] English Heritage, ‘Landscape Character.’ [online]. Available from:  http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1293  [Accessed 23/08/08] English Heritage. ‘Cresswell Crags Limestone Heritage Area’ [online]. Available from:  http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.4112  [Accessed 24/08/08] Hall, D. (2001), Turning the Plough. Northamptonshire County Council [online]. Available from:  http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/turning_plough.pdf. Full version available from:  http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/goto/openfields  [Accessed 24/08/08] Ucko, P.J, and Layton, R. (1999) The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape: Shaping Your Landscape. London: Routledge  1 [1] English Heritage, ‘Landscape Character.’ [online]. Available from:http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1293[Accessed 23/08/08] [2] Clark, J, Darlington, J, and Fairclough, G, ‘Using Historic Land Characterization.’ (2002), English Heritage, p.4. [3] English Heritage [online]: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1293 [4] Clark et al, 2002: 2. [5] English Heritage [online]: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1293 [6] Ucko, P.J, and Layton, R. (1999) The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape: Shaping Your Landscape. London: Routledge. [7] Countryside Agency, 2006 [online]. Available from:http://www.lhi.org.uk/projects_directory/projects_by_region/east_of_england/suffolk/suffolk_changing_landscape/index.html[Accessed 24/08/08] [8] Ibid. [9] ‘Cresswell Crags Limestone Heritage Area’ [online]. Available from:http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.4112[Accessed 24/08/08] [10] Hall, D. (2001), Turning the Plough. Northamptonshire County Council [online]. Available from:http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/turning_plough.pdf. Full version available from:http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/goto/openfields [Accessed 24/08/08]

Life :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you are   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  born in the United States with an Hispanic background, You are taught what your parents know. They teach you Spanish because that the language they know very well and they grew up with learning by their parents for a long time. But after you learn to speak your native language, then they want us to learn English very well and to use it more than the Spanish language. Being bilingual is to people advantages in getting jobs and becoming a big part in the business world know these days. More and more people want to hire people that know more that two languages so they can sell more to other people than just to people that can speak English. Like for example the Spanish language is very big to everyone know these days because were growing very fast in the United States. So know everytime you open up like instruction booklets or anything else, you will see it in English than the other language will be Spanish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1980 a boy name Juan Carlos flew to New York from the Dominican Republic, he was so exhausted from the hot, sweaty flight he had. So then he jump into a yellow new york city cab, that had a very bad odor. Next he went to go to stay at his grandmother house. When he saw his five foot one inch grandmother with high cheek bones, he just ran up to her to give her a big huge hug. So when he got to her apartment he went to his small one window bedroom and was satisfy that he finally has its own room because he had to share with his two older brothers while he was back home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Juan Carlos main goal was to get a decent enough job so that he can support his mother that is very ill from her high blood pressure. So he loved his mother so much he decided to go to New York and support his mother while he’s here working. The next day he left with his cousin Jr. whose an older than him and is very smart in his studies at school to look for a job, so that Juan can support his mother. They were walking in the crowded city of New York, when Jaun past by a Glamorous, beautiful hotel in 42 street. When he and his cousin stepped in their face was so shocked because they never seen such a beautiful hotel like that in their life.

Factors Affecting the School Readiness of Public Kindergarten Pupils in Lanao Del Sur I †B Essay

Kindergarten marks the beginning of formal education. The child’s initial school experience can influence the way he feels and acts to future school activities. I will also affect the way he relates to other people and his environment for the rest of his life. Success or failure at this stage can affect his well-being, self-esteem, motivation and perspectives. Lack of kindergarten readiness may also lead to his being held back in the next grade level. School readiness is defined as the â€Å"ability to cope, learn, and achieve without undue stress†. In the Philippines public and private schooling begins with kindergarten, when a child is about 5 years old. Kindergarten is 3 to 4 hours a day or depending on the specific requirement of a particular school. While most of the activities in kindergarten are play activities like singing, storytelling, and drawing, children are also learning basic skills through these activities that will be needed throughout their lives. These skills include listening to direction, using and managing time well, being patient, sharing, and working in cooperation with others. Kindergarten helps children adjust to school slowly, going only a few hours each day. It bridges the gap between the age when kids spent their days playing at home or in a daycare or nursery school and the more formal learning that will begin once a child moves on to the next level. Many parents still believe that kindergarten is just an introduction to school. They merrily think that children just enjoy playtime, art, story time, and maybe even learn their colors, alphabet, and numerals while they are at it. However, at present the expectation s for kindergarteners have leveled up and are much stricter than before. Today, there is actually a set of curricum that must be followed and expected to keep up. Parts of the curriculum include reading readiness, writing, math, science, social studies and other subject related. Children are also taught about proper manners, classroom rules, hygiene and sanitation. Parents should take a personalized approach and focus as their children’s potentials and skills and see if they are already prepared for kindergarten school. Parents must take the initiative to actively participate in home base learning before they heed on out to school. It is important to keep an eye on the children and decipher their behavior, to come to conclusion if they are ready to attend kindergarten or not. Some children tend to develop skills a lilltle later depending on what they have been exposed to and how fast they can grasp these things depending on their surroundings. Specialists in the field of child development feel strongly that readiness is not something that a child is trained for but is the understanding of the child’s unique development and grow pattern and what types of activities will enhance the natural development of a child in the areas of motor development, visual processing skills, auditory processing skills, language skills, numerical skills, conceptual skills, and social-emotional behaviors. TheNatioanl Association For The Education Of Young Children (NAEYC) stated that school readiness is defined as the state of early development that enables individual child to engage in and benefit from early learning experience, As a result of family nurturing and interactions with others, a young child at this stage has reached certain level of social and emotional development, cognition and general knowledge, language development, physical well-being, and motor development. (AnneArundel and Harford) Parents are the first and most important teachers in their child’s life. Staying involved and providing children with a supportive, nurturing environment will help strengthen the learning process. Parents must allow their chilred to make choices and simple decision making so that children will achieve a reliable sense of right and wrong. Language helps to shape the brain, and teaching children to speak according to Jerome Brunner helps them not only organized words in a sentence but also helps organize their minds. Children need many types of language experiences which include being read with and also participation in family conversation. Storytelling, nursery rhyme and reading enrich the language experience. Parents must spend time with oral language activities for a strong foundation in reading and spelling (Graue. 1992). There are several factors affecting the school readiness of public kindergarten pupils namely: maturation, relevance of materials and methods of instruction, emotional attitude, personal adjustment, social status and tribe. Other contributors to the readiness gap are environmental stress, family income, parents’ literacy, nutrition premature birth, health, early childcare, experiences, low birth weight and genetic endowment. Maturation affects the readiness of the kindergarteners because the child has not reach yet a sufficient stage of mental and physical development needed to perform school tasks characteristics of that particular grade level which entails a higher level of performance than that of which he has at the moment. Experiences determine the kindergarten readiness for learning. Exposure to environment and varied activities will help the child learn. Children learn from seeing, hearing, touching and these experiences will help the child get to know his environment better. To interpret reality, children must experience their surroundings through imagination and discovery. Rooted in the experience of early childhood are the values that individuals will carve for themselves in later years, their capacity to live according these values, and their attitudes towards themselves and the human community. (Bredekamp,1987) Research shows that relevance of materials and methods of interest affects children’s readiness; children are more ready to learn if the material meet their needs and fits their interest. They are more ready to learn if they are having fun doing the tasks. (Karweit,1988) Emotional attitude and personal adjustment plays a great influence in children’s readiness. Emotional stress blocks them from learning especially those resulting from unmet needs, rejection from home, over protection, experience of failures, home difficulties, poverty, peace conflict, and other related issues. ( Shepard and Smith, 1986). Greg Duncan and Katherine Magnuson documented that children who live in poverty with poor socio-economic status are more likely not ready for kindergarten school since their parents will most likely spend for basic needs than materials for learning like books and other learning kits . Parents in families with low socio-economic status are less likely to talk with. Read with. And teach young children since they would rather spend their time looking for sources of income. Environmental stress affects school readiness according to Kimberly Noble, N. Tottenham, and B. J. Casey. They explained that chronic stress or abuse in childhood can impair development of the hippocampus the region of the brain involved in learning and memory, and reduces a child’s cognitive ability. Thus the impact of stress on brain development during childhood may explain a large portion of the gap in school readiness. Health is another factor that affects school readiness according to Janet Currie, child’s health combined with maternal health and behavior may account for success or failure of kindergarten pupils. Children’s who are not in the best health condition may not be always present in the classroom those will be missing development of skills and knowledge. Nancy Reichman reported that premature birth and low birth weight can seriously impair cognitive development. A renting which include nurturance, discipline, and home base teaching are greatly link to the development of children’s cognitive, social, and emotional skills. Feelings of self-worth develop as a child feels good about his environment and the way he interacts in that environment. The most important gift a parent could give his child is quality time. Children need unhurried periods to explore and experiment, to understand and affirm through idea of freedom. They must also be provided with the security, acceptance, love, thoughtful and appropriate restrictions. (htpp://www. mayoclinic. com/health/kindergarten-readiness) Everyone agrees that a child’s future academic success is dependent on being ready to learn and participate in a successful kindergarten experience. Yet, defining (readiness) can be a very difficult task. Due to children’s different prekindergarten education experiences and development, they enter kindergarten with varying skills, knowledge, and level of preparedness. Parents and teachers have different expectations for what children should know and be able to do before starting kindergarten. Furthermore, discussions of readiness do not always include how schools and community can enhance and support children’s and kindergarten readiness. It is within this premise that the researcher would want to conduct a study and find out the factors affecting the school readiness of public kindergarten pupils in Lanao Del Sur 1 B. Theoretical Framework This study is anchor on various theoretical perspectives. Several theories of child development of child development and learning have influenced discussions of school readiness. These have had profound impact on kindergarten readiness practice. These three theories include the maturationist, environmentalist, and constructive perspective of development (Powell, 1991). Maturationist Theory The maturationist theory was advanced by the work of Arnild Gessell. Maturationists believe that development is a biological process that occurs automatically in predictable, sequential stages over time (Hunt, 1969). This perspective leads many educators and families to assume that young children will knowledge naturally and automatically as they grow up physically and ecome older, provided that they are healthy (Demarest, Reisner, Anderson, Humphrey, Farquhar, and Stein, 1993). School readiness, according to maturationist is a state at which all healthy young children arrive when they can perform tasks such as reciting the alphabet and counting; these tasks are for learning more complex tasks such as reading and arithmetic. Because development and school readiness occur naturally and automatically, maturationist believe the best practice are for parents to teach young children to recite the alphabet and count while being patient and waiting children to become ready for kindergarten. If a child is developmentally unready for school, maturationist might suggest referrals to transitional kindergartens, retention, or holding educators, and parents when a young child developmentally lags behind his or her peers. The young child’s underperform at the level of his or her peers. Environmentalist Theory Theorist as John Watson, B. F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura contributes greatly to the environmentalist perspective of development. Environmentalist believe the child’s environment shapes learning and behavior; in fact, human behavior, development, and learning are though of as reactions of the environment. This perspective leads many families, schools, and educators to assume that young children and acquire new knowledge by reacting their surroundings. Kindergarten readiness, according to the environmentalist, is the age or stage when young children can respond appropriately to the environment of the school and the classroom (e.g. , rules and regulations, curriculum activities, positive behavior in group settings and directions and instructions from teachers and other adults in school). The ability to respond appropriately to this environment is necessary for young children to participate in teacher initiated learning activities. Success is dependent on the child following instructions from the teachers or the adult in the classroom. Many environmentalist-influenced educators and parents believe that young children lean best by rote activities. Such as reciting the alphabet over and over, copying letters, and tracing numbers. This viewpoint is evident in kindergarten classrooms where young children are expected to sit at desk arranged in rows and listens attentively to their teachers. At home, parents may provide their young children with workbooks containing such activities as coloring or tracing letters and numbers-activities that require little interaction between parents and child. When young children are unable to respond appropriately to the classroom and school environment, they often are labeled as having some form of leaning disabilities and are tracked in classroom with curriculum designed to control their behavior and responses. Constructivist Theory The constructivist perspective of readiness and development was advanced by theorist such as Jean Piaget, Maria Montessori, and Lev Vygotsky. Although their work varies, each articulates a similar context of learning and development. They are consistent in their belief that learning and development occur when young children interact with the environment and people around them (Hunt, 1969). Constructivist view young children as active participant in the learning process. In addition, constructivists believe young children initiate most of the activities required for learning and development. Because active interaction with the environment and people are necessary for learning and development, constructivist believe that children are ready for school when they can initiate many of the interactions they have with the environment and people around them. Conceptual Theory This study takes into account the independent variables and dependent variables. The socio demographic factors which include age, sex, health, parents’ literacy, socio-economic status, experience, child abuse and child stress. The independent variables are presumed to affect or influence the dependent variables which are the school readiness of kindergarten pupils which include gross motor skills, fine motor skills, visual discrimination skills, auditory discrimination skills, language skills, math-numeracy skills, and social-emotional behaviors. Base on the outcome of this studies, the writer aims to find the factors affecting the school readiness of the kindergarten pupils to insure that this children will have an opportunity to enhance their skills, knowledge, and abilities. Furthermore it aims to encourage the parent to have hands-on training of their children. The researchers seeks to encourage the teachers to recognize pupils individual differences, re-enforce and extend their strengths, assist them in overcome their difficulties and develop in them sensitivity to community values. Finally, the writer would want to learn what the public kindergarten pupils in Lanao Del Sur 1 B know and able to do as they enter kindergarten level. The writer wishes to find an in-depth study for the strengths and needs of individual learners, motivation for learning instruction, and interventions. The researcher believes the child’s inputs, reflections, and self evaluation are essential to the process of leaning and development. ? Schematic Presentation of the Conceptual Framework of the Study Independent Variables Dependent VariablesResult Statement of the problem This study seeks to investigate the factors affecting the school readiness of public kindergarten pupils. It is the objective of the researcher to determine whether or not age, sex, health, parent’s literacy, socio-economic status, experience, child stress, child abuse, and socio-emotional behavior can affect or influence the school readiness. This study also aims to answer the following propositions: 1. ) What are the factors affecting the public school kindergarten pupils in terms of: 1. 1Gross motor skill 1. 2Fine motor skill 1. 3Visual discrimination skills 1. 4Auditory discrimination skills 1. 5Language skill 1. 6Math-numeracy awareness 1. 7Social-emotional behavior 2. ) What are parents, community stake holders, teachers, and schools intervention program to enhance pupil readiness for kindergarten? 3. ) Is there a significant relationship between this interventions and pupil’s school readiness? Scope and limitation of the study This study is conducted in the public Central School in Lanao Del Sur 1 B in the school year 2011-2012. The study is focused on the factor affecting the school readiness of puplic kindergarten pupils in Lanao Del Sur 1 B. The pupils, teacher, and parents are randomly selected. Data are gathered through the questioner which is composed of pupils, teachers, and parents questioners. This study is delimited to the public kindergarten pupils in the Central School in Lanao Del Sur 1 B. Significance of the study. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the school readiness of public kindergarten pupils to give life on the perceptions of the parents, teachers, and school administrators. Furthermore, it wishes to determine if parenting and nurturance, maturation, health condition, experience, teachers expectation, and school curriculum has some important role in the school readiness of the kindergarten pupil. This study would investigate the underlying reasons/factors which affect the school readiness of the kindergarteners. Finally this study aims to be a significant contribution to provide opportunity to enhance the skill, knowledge, and abilities of the pupil. This study will provide an assessment of young children not only in measuring it but in their ability to work through activities, to solve problems, to work independently, and to reflect on their thinking. To The pupils- this study could assist the young learners to respond appropriately to the environment of the home, classroom and community (rules and regulations, curriculum activities, positive behavior in group setting, directions and instruction from the teacher other adults in the school). To The parents- this study will help the parents to provide appropriate time and management to engage their children in learning task such as reading and writing the alphabet, basic counting skills, identification of colors, size and shape. This will also encourage the parents to be patient and loving, waiting for their children to become developmentally ready for kindergarten. The parents are urge to provide their young children with workbooks containing such activities in coloring, tracing letters and numbers. To The teachers- this research study will help the teacher to understand and support the child natural curiosity and the diverse way in which the child learns. The teacher is also encourage to give the child some individualized attention and customize the classroom curriculum to help the child address his difficulties. To The school administrators- being conscious of the factors affecting the school readiness of the kindergarten pupils the school  administrators could provide small classes with higher teacher-pupil ratio, teacher with bachelor degree and training in early childhood education, parents-teacher training component that will re-enforce what teacher are doing in school to enhance children’s cognitive, social and emotional development. To The Curriculum Makers- this study will give a new perspective that will lead to the formulation of a curriculum that is cognitively stimulating and child center base. To The Community of Lanao Del Sur 1 B- this study will act as a catalyst for positive change. Local government and community agencies will have to work together to enhance programs for the learning development of kindergarten pupils. Definition of terms The terms use in this study is conceptually and operationally define for better understanding and clarity. Maturation – conceptually defined as the appropriate stage of mental and physical development, when a child is ready to perform school tasks characteristics of that particular grade . Operationally it means the chronological age of a child which is legally acceptable to enter a grade level. Experience – means the teaching exposure, learning materials, methods of learning, practices, facilities, and structures in home and in environment which help the child learns and develops in ways that are most natural and suitable for their ages and levels of maturity. Operationally defined as the results of work done by the child in whom the child retains memory, mastery, knowledge, and skills. School readiness – conceptually means the ability to cope, learn, and achieve without undue stress. This is the proficiency level of the child in specific area of a grade level. It is also the developmental stage whom the child is ready to learn new things. Operationally it means that the child is already of age to enroll in a grade level. This could also mean that the child has the ability to participate in classroom activities, work as instructed and cooperate with his classmates in group works. Fine motor development – means the coordination of small muscles in the hands and fingers. These skills are essential to complete task such as writing, tracing, cutting, holding things, moving little pieces of object, putting together of parts of a whole. These skills are needed in taking precision in the hand-eye coordination. Gross motor skills- are the developmental awareness and coordination of large muscles activity. These skills are needed in walking, running, jumping, dancing, and playing. Visual discrimination skills- means the ability to visually differentiate the forms, and symbols in the environment . This is needed in the matching, and sorting of colors, sizes, shapes, and quantities. Visual memory skills – means the ability to recall accurately prior visual experience. It is also the ability to remember what has been done. Heard, touched, smelled, and tasted and seen.. Auditory discrimination skills refer to the ability to receive and differentiate auditory stimuli. It is the capacity and ability to identify ,distinguish, imitate, differentiate the sounds heard. Auditory memory skills – means the ability to retain and recall auditory information. It also means the ability to remember, recite, repeat, tell, and do what is heard. Receptive language skills – refers to the ability to express oneself verbally, to say what the child thinks and feels and to engage in simple group conversations. Comprehension skills – refers to the judgment and reason as the child understands his environment. It is the ability to make comparisons, understand differences and recognized cause and effect. Social – emotional behavior – refer to the ability to relate meaningfully to others and be accepted in both one-on-one and group emotions. This also means the ability to act among other children, to cooperate with the group, to show feelings, and to demonstrate responsibility. Math and number awareness – refers to the ability to identify and recognize numerals, to count on, recognize patterns, and sorting and classifying of objects.